Mu myaka yashize, inganda za metallurgie ku isi binyuze mu guhuza no kugura, kwibanda ku nganda bikomeje kwiyongera.Iyo bigeze mu 2023, inyungu zinganda zibyuma zinjiye mugihe cyo kumanuka, cyane cyane kubera izamuka ryibiciro byibikoresho bimwe na bimwe ndetse nigabanuka rikabije ryibiciro byibyuma, bigatuma inyungu zamasosiyete zigabanuka.Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze, ubuzima bwabaye insanganyamatsiko yuyu mwaka, kugabanya buri mushinga, kwibanda cyane kubikorwa no kuzamura ibikorwa, iterambere ryatsi rito rya karubone n’inganda zifite ubwenge.Nka "ultra-low emission" impinduka nimbaraga "gukoresha ingufu zikabije", no kwihutisha udushya twa tekinoloji ya karubone no guhindura imibare mubikorwa byinganda.
Gushonga ibyuma
1. Guhindura imyunyu ngugu ya karubone ihinduka gushonga hydrogène
Icyuma cyo gushonga ibyuma nicyuma cya hydrogène metallurgie, ariko isoko ya hydrogène yicyatsi irahari, hamwe niki kibazo, mugihe gito cyo gutanura itanura rya gaz ukoresheje gaze ya feri ya kokiya aho kuba kokiya nkibikoresho bigabanya, nka XIYE Iron na Steel hydrogen- itanura rya shaft, kimwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa gazi ikonje ya reaction ya ingufu za kirimbuzi nazo zirimo gutekwa.Umusaruro wa hydrogène ukomoka kuri gaze ya coke mu mirimo y'ibyuma.
2. Gushonga inzira ngufi
Kubera igitutu cyo kurengera ibidukikije, gushonga mugihe gito bizongera igipimo.Kugabanya gushonga tekinoroji yo gukora ibyuma nkitanura ryamashanyarazi.
3. Gukorana ubufatanye
Kumwanya muremure, kimwe mubintu nyamukuru bikoreshwa mubyuma bya gaze ni ugushyushya umuriro.Nubwo ibyo bikoresha ingufu zubushyuhe bwa gaze, agaciro kabo ntikagaragaye neza.Gazi irimo ibipimo bitandukanye bigize H2 na CO, kandi gukoresha gaze kubyara LNG, Ethanol, Ethylene glycol, nibindi, bifite inyungu nziza mubukungu.Ugereranije n’inganda zikora amakara kugirango zivemo CO na H2 hanyuma zitange LNG, Ethanol, Ethylene glycol, ifite inyungu nyinshi.
Hamwe no kugabanya karubone, imishinga nko gukuramo CO2 no gukomera byatangije inkuru nziza.Mu nganda zibyuma, nka gaze ya lime ya gaz lisansi na gaz gaz ya gaz hamwe na CO2 nini.CO2 irashobora gukoreshwa mugushonga ibyuma, guhagarika ivumbi, gutwara imbeho ikonje, inganda zibiribwa, nibindi, isoko rirakenewe cyane, kandi inganda za metallurgie zifite inyungu zacyo.Imishinga ya Photovoltaque irashobora kuzana ibipimo bimwe na bimwe bya karubone mubucuruzi, kandi inganda nyinshi zibyuma nazo zubaka imishinga yifotora, ariko niba itandukaniro ryibiciro byamashanyarazi rishobora kuzana inyungu mubigo nabyo ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyerekana niba umushinga ushobora kugwa.
4. Ubwenge bwa Metallurgie
Isoko ryibyuma rizakomeza kwihutisha umuvuduko wogukoresha amakuru nikoranabuhanga mu nganda zibyuma, kandi byihutishe inzira ya digitale nubwenge.Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura, ububiko bwibikoresho bidafite abadereva, gupima ubushyuhe bwa robo, kugenzura, gutoranya bizaba byinshi kandi byinshi.
Hamwe no kurekura no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki zinyuranye z’igihugu cya karuboni, inganda zo hasi mu nganda z’ibyuma zikenera ibisabwa ku mibare yose y’isuzuma ry’ubuzima bw’ibicuruzwa byaguzwe, hamwe n’isuzuma ry’ubuzima bw’ibicuruzwa by’ibyuma hamwe n’isuzuma ry’ibirenge bya karuboni bishingiye. byahindutse umurimo w'ingenzi kuriicyatsi na karuboni nkeya yiterambere ryinganda zibyuma no guhaza ibyifuzo byabakiriya bo hasi.Gukora isuzuma ryubuzima bwibicuruzwa nigipimo cyingenzi cyo guhuza niterambere ryigihugu ryicyatsi kibisi, karuboni nkeya niterambere ryiza, guteza imbere kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya karubone yinganda zicyuma nicyuma no kunoza imiterere yibiranga.
Ty Gukoresha ingufu z'ikoranabuhanga no kubungabunga ibidukikije
1. Gutunganya cyane no gukoresha ingufu za kabiri
Gukoresha ingufu zinganda zibyuma byiyongereye uko umwaka utashye, kuruhande rumwe, ibikoresho bishya byaravuguruwe, kandi ingufu zikoreshwa ziragabanuka.Kurundi ruhande, kugarura kwinshi kwingufu za kabiri, ubushyuhe bwibice byo kugarura uburyohe bwo hejuru kandi buciriritse bikomeje kwiyongera, kandi ubushyuhe bwo murwego rwo hasi nabwo burimo busubirwamo umwe umwe, kandi ubushyuhe burashobora gukoreshwa mubyiciro.Ingufu nyinshi zifite agaciro gakoreshwa mukubyara amashanyarazi cyangwa kubyara imiti, naho ingufu nke za calorifike zikoreshwa mugushyushya abatuye mumijyi ikikije, ubworozi bwamazi nibindi.Guhuza umusaruro wibyuma nubuzima bwabaturage ntabwo bizamura imikorere yubukungu bwinganda gusa, ahubwo binasimbuza amashyiga mato kandi bigabanya gukoresha na karubone.
1. 1 Sisitemu y'itanura ry'amashanyarazi
Sisitemu yuzuye yo gukonjesha ibyuka, aho kuba igice cyambere cyamazi yo gukonjesha amazi, itezimbere cyane kugarura amavuta ya toni yicyuma.Ukurikije imyitozo yumushinga, toni yo hejuru yo kugarura ibyuma irashobora kugera kuri 300kg / t yicyuma, bikubye inshuro zirenga 3 kugarura kwambere.
1.2 Guhindura
Uburyo bwambere bwo kweza gazi ya gazi yo guhindura muri rusange ikoresha uburyo bwumye.Mubikorwa byumye bihari, ubushyuhe busigaye butandukanijwe nubushyuhe bwa 1000 ℃ -300 ℃ ntibusubirana.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byinshi byindege biri mubikorwa byigihe gito.
1.3 Itanura
Isubiranamo ryuzuye rya gaz-itanura rishobora kugerwaho mugusubirana gazi ingana na gaze ya gaze.Kugeza ubu, itanura ryinshi ntirishobora gukira, cyangwa igice cyo gukira gusa.
1.4 Gucumura
Kongera gukoresha imyanda iva mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa cooler yo kubyara amashanyarazi;Amazi ashyushye arashobora kubyazwa umusaruro cyangwa gushyushya nyuma yo kugarura ubushyuhe bwimyanda mugice cyubushyuhe bwo hagati hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwa cooler ring;Kuzunguruka gazi ya flue ikunda gukwirakwira imbere, birakenewe kongera umuyaga mwinshi wumuvuduko mwinshi, umuyaga mwiza wumuyaga hamwe nibikoresho byamashanyarazi.
Ubushyuhe bunini bwimyanda, ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha imyanda hiyongereyeho kubyara amashanyarazi, ariko kandi bukoreshwa mugukoresha ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji hamwe n’amashanyarazi kabiri yo gukurura amashanyarazi kugira ngo utware umufana w’ibanze ukurura, kunoza imikoreshereze y’amazi, kugabanya ihuriro, kuzamura inyungu z’ubukungu.
1.5 Kokera
Usibye kuzimya kokiya gakondo yumye, amokiya ya kokiya ikwirakwiza, gukonjesha kwambere, ubushyuhe bwimyanda, ubushyuhe bwimyanda yizamuka, ubushyuhe bwimyanda ya gaz.
1.6 Kuzunguruka ibyuma
Gukoresha ubushyuhe bwimyanda iva muri gaz ya fu yicyuma kizunguruka no gutanura ubushyuhe.Ubushyuhe ni isoko yubushyuhe buke, kandi ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwa desulfurizasi bukoreshwa mugukora amazi ashyushye.
2. Igitekerezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije no kwanduza ikirere cyashinze imizi mu mitima yabantu
2. 1 Imikorere yibidukikije ya buri ruganda rukora ibyuma ni A.
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya umuvuduko wo kurengera ibidukikije no kwemeza umusaruro usanzwe, inganda nyinshi zo mu majyaruguru zarangije gukubita A, n’ubwo inganda z’ibyuma zo mu majyaruguru zitarangije gukubita A, hari umubare munini w’inganda zo mu majyepfo, nazo zirimo gukora iki cyerekezo.Inshingano nyamukuru ni ibikoresho byo kuvanaho ivumbi, desulfurizasi na desitrification, ibikoresho mububiko, kugabanya kugwa, aho umusaruro w’umukungugu ufunze, guhagarika ivumbi nibindi.
2.2 Carbone, inganda za aluminium electrolytike
Carbone, electrolytike ya aluminiyumu inganda zo kurengera ibidukikije imyenda myinshi, aluminium, aluminiyumu yo mu misozi n’ibindi bigo biri mu bikorwa by’ibidukikije byakazi.
2.3 Gutunganya imyanda itatu
Ibidukikije byo kurengera ibidukikije imyanda ikomeye ntishobora kuva mu ruganda, amazi y’amazi kugirango yujuje ubuziranenge.Ku ruhande rumwe, inganda zicyuma nicyuma zumye kandi zisunika ibiyigize, kandi gusohora imyanda ya nyuma no kujugunya birujuje.Isoko rikeneye inzira nubuhanga bushya bwo gutunganya imyanda, imyanda ikomeye irimo karubone, fer, imyanda iteje akaga, kwanduza ubutaka n’amazi yanduye ya fenol cyanide, amazi yumunyu mwinshi hamwe n’amazi akonje akonje.
2.4
Hamwe nogutezimbere ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije, gaze itunganyirizwa irashobora gukusanyirizwa icyarimwe, kandi ibisabwa bishya nabyo bishyirwa ahagaragara kugirango ubwiza bwa gaze.Inzira gakondo yo kweza gaze ya feri ya gaz na gaz itanura iturika ikuraho umukungugu na sulfure kama, none bisaba gukuraho sulfure kama.Isoko rikeneye inzira nshya nibikoresho bishya kuri iki cyifuzo.
2.5 Tekinoroji ikungahaye kuri Oxygene, gutwika umwuka wa ogisijeni
Mu rwego rwo kunoza ikoreshwa rya ogisijeni no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya gaze, umwuka wa ogisijeni ukungahaye cyangwa umwuka mwiza wa ogisijeni ukoreshwa mu itanura rishyushya, ifuru na boiler.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-13-2023