amakuru

amakuru

Nigute ushobora gushyigikira no kuyobora iterambere ryitondewe ryamashanyarazi?

Ku ya 25 Kanama, amashami arindwi arimo Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yasohoye ku mugaragaro "Gahunda y’akazi yo gukura neza mu nganda z’icyuma n’ibyuma" (nyuma yiswe "Gahunda"), ishimangira kandi ko inganda z’ibyuma n’ibyuma ni inganda zifatizo ninkingi zubukungu bwigihugu kandi ni a Ni urwego rwingenzi rujyanye no kuzamuka kwinganda zihamye no gukora neza mubukungu. Muri icyo gihe kandi, "Porogaramu" ishyiraho ingamba 12 z'akazi, zirimo gushyigikira no kuyobora iterambere ry’icyuma cy’itanura ry’amashanyarazi, ryitwa "Ibyuma 12". .

Kugeza ubu, umusaruro w’icyuma cy’amashanyarazi kingana na 10% by’ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu cyanjye. Nkurikije imibare ituzuye, mu gihugu cyanjye hari inganda zirenga 250 zitunganya amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye, muri zo hafi 200 ni inganda zikora ibyuma byo mu ziko. Hamwe na "Gahunda yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Inganda za Carbone Peak" yashyize ahagaragara intego zisabwa "muri 2025, igipimo cyo gukora ibyuma bigufi kizagera ku gipimo kirenga 15%; mu 2030, igipimo cyo gukora ibyuma bigufi kizagera kuri 20%." , intara, amakomine ayobowe na guverinoma yo hagati) basabye kandi ko igipimo cyo gukora ibyuma bigufi kigomba kugera kuri 5% kugeza kuri 20% mu nyandiko nka "Gahunda yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Carbone Peak", "Gahunda yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Inganda za Carbone Peak", na "Gahunda y'akazi yuzuye yo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere". Intego.

Igice cya kabiri cya "double carbone" yinganda zicyuma nicyuma cyigihugu cyanjye gikeneye gushingira kumajyambere akomeye yo gukora itanura ryamashanyarazi kugirango habeho kutabogama kwa karubone nyuma ya karubone. Umubare munini wamashanyarazi yicyatsi yose-isakara yumuriro wamashanyarazi hamwe na hydrogène ishingiye kugabanura ibyuma hamwe nigice kinini cyicyuma cyamashanyarazi yicyatsi kibisi, muburyo bumwe, ni kimwe no gukora "ibyuma byatsi".

Muri Gicurasi uyu mwaka, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije na Guverinoma y’Intara ya Sichuan bafatanije inama y’igihugu y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi mu gihe gito cyo guteza imbere ibyuma mu mujyi wa Luzhou, mu Ntara ya Sichuan, kugira ngo barusheho kwibanda no gushyira mu bikorwa "Gahunda yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Umushinga wo mu rwego rwo hejuru w’iterambere riyobora umushinga w’amashanyarazi mu gihe gito-cyo gukora ibyuma". Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira no kuyobora iterambere ry’icyuma cy’itanura ry’amashanyarazi, "gahunda" nshya yatanzwe na minisiteri na komisiyo ndwi harimo na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ishimangira kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umushinga wo mu rwego rwo hejuru w’iterambere riyobora iterambere rigufi- gutunganya itanura ryamashanyarazi, kandi ryongeye gusobanura ishyirwa mubikorwa ryogusimbuza ubushobozi butandukanye kumushinga wogukora ibyuma byose byamashanyarazi, imicungire y’ibidukikije nizindi politiki zo gushyiraho uruganda rukora ibyuma by’amashanyarazi ku isi.

Gushiraho no guteza imbere amashyanyarazi yinganda zamashanyarazi agomba kwishingikiriza kumashanyarazi akora itanura ryamashanyarazi akora inzira yumusaruro wibyuma byose byamashanyarazi. Niba igipimo cyo gukora ibyuma bigufi gishobora kugera kubipimo nkuko byateganijwe, uruganda rukora ibyuma byamashanyarazi ruzagira uruhare runini. Amashanyarazi akora itanura ryamashanyarazi afite ubushobozi bwo gushinga imishinga isumba iyindi, kandi igomba no gukora ubutumwa bwingenzi bwamateka yo gushinga uruganda rukora ibipimo ngenderwaho mugukora ibyuma byamashanyarazi bishobora kwigana urugero rwo kuzamura. Iterambere ryiza cyane ryinganda zikora ibyuma byamashanyarazi nazo zizahinduka imbaraga nogutezimbere iterambere ryiza ryiza ryinganda zibyuma. Guteza imbere iterambere ryiza no kuzamura ubwinshi bw’ibyuma by’itanura ry’amashanyarazi ntaho bitandukaniye n’uruganda rukora ibyuma by’amashanyarazi, bizagira uruhare runini mu kwerekana no kwerekana mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza 12 y’ibyuma, kandi bizanakorwa ube muburyo bwimbitse bwo gushyira mubikorwa "bibiri bidahungabana".

Kurebera hamwe iterambere ryicyuma cyamashanyarazi mugihugu cyanjye nkurikije inzira

Nkurikije imibare ituzuye, igihugu cyanjye gifite amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi agera kuri toni miliyoni 200, ariko mu 2022 umusaruro w’icyuma cy’itanura ry’amashanyarazi uri munsi ya toni miliyoni 100, kandi ikoreshwa ry’ubushobozi ni hafi 50%. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, impuzandengo yo gukora y’itanura ry’ibyuma byose by’amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye yarenze 75%. %, impuzandengo yo gukoresha ubushobozi ikomeza kuba hafi 50%, kandi uruganda rukora ibyuma byo mu itanura ryamashanyarazi rugenda hagati yinyungu nke nigihombo. Ku ruhande rumwe, uruganda rukora ibyuma by’amashanyarazi ntirwahuye n’amashanyarazi manini kandi maremare y’amashanyarazi yatewe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi muri iyi mpeshyi, kandi ikigereranyo cyo gukora cy’itanura ry’amashanyarazi cyagumye ku rwego rwo hejuru; kurundi ruhande, impuzandengo yo gukoresha ubushobozi bwitanura ryamashanyarazi yabaye kurwego rwo hasi, cyane cyane kubera ibyuma Ibiciro byisoko ryo kumanuka kumanuka ntabwo ari byiza, igiciro cyumutungo wibyuma byangiritse ni kinini kandi itangwa ntirihagije, nigiciro yingufu ni nyinshi nibindi byinshi. Duhereye kubikorwa, biroroshye cyane gutangira kubaka ibikoresho byo gukora itanura ryamashanyarazi kugirango tumenye "birebire kugeza bigufi" binyuze mu gusimbuza ubushobozi, bivuze ko ntakibazo namba cyo kugera kuntego yo kubara ibaruramari ryigihe gito. hejuru ya 15% muri 2025 Ariko, ibi ntibisobanura ko 15% byumusaruro wibyuma byigihugu cyanjye biva mu ziko ry’amashanyarazi, kubera ko ibintu fatizo nkibicuruzwa nigiciro cyibyuma bishaje kugirango bikore ibyuma bitanura amashanyarazi, n'izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ingufu nk'amashanyarazi byatumye igiciro cy'icyuma cy'itanura ry'amashanyarazi kiri hejuru y'icyuma gihindura. Nta nyungu hafi yikiguzi. Ibintu "icupa" bibuza iterambere ryogukora ibyuma byamashanyarazi ntibishobora kunozwa neza, kandi biragoye gutera intambwe nziza mubijyanye nigipimo cyibikorwa byo gukora itanura ryamashanyarazi mugihe gito.

Urebye uko Iterambere ryimiterere yicyuma cyamashanyarazi mugihugu cyanjye uhereye kubikoresho

Ku ya 14 Nyakanga 2023, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura yasohoye itangazo ryerekeranye n’inama nyunguranabitekerezo kuri "Cataloge ngenderwaho yo kugenzura imiterere y’inganda (verisiyo ya 2023, Umushinga w’ibitekerezo)" (nyuma yiswe "Cataloge"). "Catalog" iteganya ko ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bibujijwe gukora ari "itanura ry’amashanyarazi rifite ubushobozi bwa toni 30 cyangwa zirenga na toni 100 (ibyuma bivangwa na toni 50) cyangwa munsi yayo". Iyi politiki yashyizwe mu bikorwa kuva mu 2011 kandi ntabwo yahinduwe.

Nk’uko imibare ituzuye, kuva ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba zo gushyira mu bikorwa ubushobozi bwo gusimbuza ubushobozi mu nganda z’icyuma n’ibyuma "ku ya 1 Kamena 2021, guhera mu mpera za Nyakanga 2023, binyuze mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’isimburwa ry’amashanyarazi, itanura ry’amashanyarazi 66 ibikoresho byo gukora ibyuma byubatswe, bishya byubatswe cyangwa byubatswe. Ubushobozi bw'izina bwose ni toni 6.430, naho impuzandengo ya nomero ya buri bikoresho ni toni 97.4, isanzwe igera kuri toni 100. Irerekana ko ibikoresho byanjye byo gukora amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye bigenda bitera imbere byihuse mu nzira igana ku iterambere rinini, kandi byashyize mu bikorwa neza ibisabwa na "Catalog". Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko ibikoresho byose byubatswe bidafite ubushobozi bwizina bwa toni zirenga 100, kandi ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe biracyakoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bivangavanze kubera imbogamizi nkubushobozi bwo gukora, burenga imipaka yubushobozi bwizina. ya munsi ya toni 100.

Kuva mu 2017, hifashishijwe toni miliyoni 140 zose z '"ibyuma byo hasi" byahanaguwe, igihugu cyanjye gishya cyubatsemo ibikoresho byinshi byo gukora itanura ry’amashanyarazi, ariko ibikoresho byo mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi bya toni 100 no hejuru yacyo bitumizwa mu mahanga. Nk’uko imibare ituzuye, ibyegeranijwe Hano hari itanura ry’amashanyarazi 51 ritumizwa mu mahanga rifite ubushobozi bw’izina ry’uru rwego rwubatswe, ririmo kubakwa cyangwa rigomba kubakwa, harimo 23 ryakozwe na Danieli, 14 ryakozwe na Tenova, 12 ryakozwe na Prime, 2 bikozwe na SMS, nibindi. Biragoye ko ibigo bihangana nabakora mumahanga mururu rwego rwibikoresho byamashyiga. Amashanyarazi yo mu rugo ya Changchun, Wuxi Dongxiong hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bikoresha itanura ry’amashanyarazi byibanda cyane cyane ku kugaburira itanura ry’amashanyarazi munsi ya toni 100, cyane cyane toni 70-80 itambitse ikomeza kugaburira itanura ry’amashanyarazi. Kuba hafi yiki gice cyitanura ryamashanyarazi birenga 95%.

Binyuze mu iperereza, byagaragaye ko impuzandengo yo gushonga ya toni 70-80 ya byose-isakaye itambitse ikomeza kugaburira itanura ry’amashanyarazi ni iminota 32, ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi ni 335 kWt / toni, ikoreshwa rya electrode ni 0,75 kg / toni ibyuma, n'ibipimo bitandukanye bya tekiniki n'ubukungu birashobora kugera ku 100. Toni no hejuru y'urwego rw'itanura ry'amashanyarazi, ubukana bwa karuboni ni toni 0.4 gusa / toni y'ibyuma. Niba uru rwego rwibikoresho by itanura ryamashanyarazi rwarangije guhindura imyuka ihumanya ikirere nkuko bisabwa, irashobora kuzuza byuzuye ibisabwa murwego rwigihugu rushyira mu bikorwa ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. "Proposal" irasaba kwihutisha iterambere ryogutezimbere kurwego rwo hejuru rwo kuzamura ibikoresho bya tekiniki, itanura ryamashanyarazi rigezweho, gushonga bidasanzwe, ibizamini byo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, no gushimangira ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na "inganda-kaminuza- ubushakashatsi-gusaba ". Duhereye ku makuru y’ubushakashatsi yavuzwe haruguru, urashobora kubona ko toni 70-80 zose zishaje zuzuye zitambitse zikomeza kugaburira itanura ryamashanyarazi ryujuje ibisabwa n "itanura ryamashanyarazi ryateye imbere". Guhanga udushya nubushobozi bwiterambere ryibigo byibyuma.

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Nkurikije imibare ituzuye, mu gihugu cyanjye hari itanura ry’amashanyarazi 418 (harimo ayari asanzweho, ayubatswe mashya n’ayubakwa), itanura ry’amashanyarazi 181 rifite izina rya toni 50 cyangwa munsi yaryo, n’itanura ry’amashanyarazi 116 rifite ubushobozi bwa 51 toni kugeza kuri toni 99 (toni 70 ~ Hariho 87 kuri toni 99), kandi hariho itanura ryamashanyarazi 121 kuri toni 100 no hejuru. Ukurikije ibisabwa na "Catalog", nubwo hakuweho ibikoresho bishya bya toni 50-100 toni y’amashanyarazi mu izina ryibyuma bivanze, umubare wibikoresho by’itanura ry’amashanyarazi byabujijwe mu gihugu cyanjye biracyari hejuru cyane. Birakwiye ko dusuzuma kandi tukaganira niba twakwagura ubushobozi bwitanura ryamashanyarazi, "ingano imwe ihuye na bose" n "" inzuki zinzuki "guhatira" kuva mu bito kugeza binini ", cyangwa kugabanya ubushobozi bw’izina bugabanya bose. gusiba ibyuma bishongesha itanura ryamashanyarazi ibikoresho byo gukora ibyuma muburyo bugenewe. Birasabwa guhindura imvugo muri "Catalog" y "itanura ryamashanyarazi arc ifite izina rya toni 30 cyangwa irenga na toni 100 (ibyuma bivangwa na toni 50) cyangwa munsi" kugirango "itanura rya arc rifite ubushobozi bwa toni 30 cyangwa toni zirenga na 100 (ibyuma bivangwa na toni 50, toni 70 kumyuma yose isakaye) Itanura ", kugirango ukoreshe neza ibyiza byibikoresho byo mu itanura rya toni 70-99 biriho, kandi bigabanye" gukomera "kuri abayobozi b'ibigo bitunze ibikoresho by'itanura ry'amashanyarazi.

Guhindura no kuzamura uruganda rwamashanyarazi rwamashyanyarazi rwigihugu nkurikije imiterere yibicuruzwa

Mu bicuruzwa by’ibyuma bikozwe n’inganda zikora amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye, umusaruro w’ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone urenga 80%, mu gihe ibyuma byubaka bingana na 60%. Mugihe icyifuzo cyibyuma byubaka nka rebar bigenda bigabanuka, uruganda rukora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bitanga ibyuma binini kandi binini cyane byibyuma bikenera byihutirwa guhindura imiterere yibicuruzwa no kurangiza guhinduka no kuzamura.

Mu gihe iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu cyanjye rikomeje kwiyongera, abantu ku giti cyabo ku bicuruzwa by’ibyuma bigenda byiyongera, kandi n’umusaruro "ushingiye kuri gahunda" uragenda wiyongera. Muri rusange, kubijyanye n’amashyanyarazi akora itanura ryamashanyarazi afite ubushobozi bwa toni 100 no hejuru yayo, ibipimo byerekana umusaruro wabyo ni byinshi, kandi gushyigikira iyubakwa ry’imirongo itanga ibyuma bisaba ishoramari ryinshi ry’imari, ibyo bikaba bibujijwe n’ahantu nko mu kibanza n'umubare munini w'ishoramari rishya ritimukanwa. Biragoye kurangiza neza ibicuruzwa byahinduwe.

Ku byuma bivangwa nicyuma kidasanzwe hamwe nibice byinshi byakozwe, ibyiciro bito nagaciro kongerewe agaciro, birakenewe ko ubanza gukoresha "itanura rito ryamashanyarazi" kugirango ubyare umusaruro, bidashobora kugabanya gusa ibiciro byumusaruro, ahubwo binagabanya amafaranga yo gufata neza ibikoresho. Ibi kandi bijyanye na gahunda zasabwe muri "Gahunda" yo gukora inganda zikora inganda zateye imbere. Uruganda rukora amashyanyarazi rukora amashanyarazi rugomba gushyira imbere iterambere mu cyerekezo cy’inganda ziciriritse n’iciriritse, imishinga yihariye kandi idasanzwe mishinga mito n'iciriritse, imishinga yihariye, yihariye kandi mishya "ntoya nini", hamwe n’inganda za nyampinga ku giti cye mu nganda. Kurugero, urwego rwigihugu rwihariye rwihariye rudasanzwe "ruto ruto" muri Anhui rukoresha itanura ryamashanyarazi ya toni 35 kugirango rishyigikire itanura ryinshi ritunganijwe, itanura ryinjira n’itanura ryonyine, nibindi, kandi rifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga toni 150.000 za murwego rwohejuru rwihariye ibikoresho bivangwa kumwaka. , ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane mu by'indege, mu kirere, kubaka ubwato, peteroli, ingufu za kirimbuzi no mu zindi nzego, kandi birashobora gutegura ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere no gukora ibikoresho bishya ukurikije ibyo abakiriya bakeneye ku bikoresho bishya; isosiyete yashyizwe ku rutonde muri Jiangsu ikoresha itanura rya toni 60 yo gushyigikira itanura ryinshi ritunganijwe, itanura rya induction hamwe n’itanura ryonyine, nibindi, bitanga ibikoresho bivanze nibicuruzwa bivanze. Ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nk’ingufu nshya z’umuyaga w’ingufu, inzira ya gari ya moshi, icyogajuru, ibikoresho bya gisirikare, ingufu za kirimbuzi, n’ibikoresho bya chip semiconductor.

Itanura ry'amashanyarazi ryuzuye rya toni zigera kuri 70 rirashobora guhuza neza n'ibiranga "ibyiciro byinshi, amoko menshi, hamwe n'amasezerano make". Mugabanye ubusa busigaye buterwa namasezerano yinganda zicyuma nicyuma. Umubare w'amasoko y'ibikoresho fatizo n'ibikoresho bifasha no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bigera kuri toni 70 z'itanura ry'amashanyarazi yose yangiritse ntabwo ari munsi ya toni 100 z'itanura ry'amashanyarazi no hejuru, kandi urwego rwose rw'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu karere biri hasi.

Byongeye kandi, kugirango itanura rimwe ryamashanyarazi ya toni 70 rihuzwa numurongo wa toni 600.000 yumusaruro uzunguruka, nuburyo bwumvikana, bwubukungu kandi bunoze bwo gukoresha imashini itanura imashini zo mumijyi ifite radiyo ya kilometero 200 kubicyuma gisakaye gutanga no kugurisha ibicuruzwa. Kubyerekeranye nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyibicuruzwa by itanura ryamashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi butandukanye bwizina, birasabwa gukurikiza uburyo butatu bukurikira: icya mbere, ubushobozi bwitanura ryamashanyarazi ni toni 30 kugeza kuri toni 50, bukwiranye no gukora ibyuma bidasanzwe hamwe nuruvange. ibyuma mubice bito; icya kabiri, itanura ryamashanyarazi rifite toni 150 no hejuru yaryo, rikwiranye no gukora amasahani nimirongo, ibyuma byongerewe agaciro byimodoka nicyuma kidafite ingese, nibindi.; icya gatatu, ubushobozi bwitanura ryamashanyarazi buva kuri toni 50 kugeza kuri toni 150, kandi cyane cyane toni 70 kugeza kuri toni 100, bikwiranye ninganda nto zicyuma zizenguruka umujyi kugirango zivemo Icyuma cyo kubaka no guta imyanda yo murugo.

Bimwe mubyifuzo byiterambere ryamashyanyarazi yamashanyarazi mugikorwa gito cyo gukora ibyuma mugihugu cyanjye

Ubwa mbere, shishikarizwa gufata ingamba mubihe byaho, ushishikarire kandi ushimangire iterambere ryicyuma cyamashanyarazi. Ntibikwiye kongera byihuse umubare wibikoresho byo gukora itanura ryamashanyarazi nigipimo cy’ibicuruzwa biva mu ziko ry’amashanyarazi, kandi ntibishishikarizwa kongera igipimo cy’itanura ry’amashanyarazi ubushobozi bw’igihe gito n’umusaruro ukurikije imiterere y’ibikorwa mu turere twose y'igihugu. Ugereranije nibipimo byihariye bisabwa. Ikintu cya mbere gisabwa kugirango habeho itanura ry’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ni uko aho uruganda ruherereye rufite umutungo wa ferrite uhagije nkibyuma bisakara, ugakurikirwa n’amazi ahendutse ndetse n’amashanyarazi nk’inkunga, naho icya gatatu ni uko kurengera ibidukikije, ingufu n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ari ugereranije kandi ni gake. Niba agace runaka kadafite ibyiza byumutungo ningufu, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibidukikije nubushobozi bwo kweza birakomeye, ariko "igitero" gishyiraho buhumyi ibikoresho byo gukora itanura ryamashanyarazi, igisubizo cyanyuma gishobora kuba nuko hariho umubare utari muto. " amashanyarazi "mubice bimwe. Amashanyarazi amwe n'amwe akora uruganda rukora ibyuma bidashobora guhangana ninganda zimaze igihe kinini zahatiwe guhagarika umusaruro igihe kirekire kubera kubura isoko ryo guhangana.

Icya kabiri, shyira mubikorwa politiki kandi ukore akazi keza mugukora no gucunga itanura ryamashanyarazi ririho mububiko. Ntukifuze cyane ibihugu byamahanga kubikoresho byo gukora itanura ryamashanyarazi, tegura uburyo bwiza bwimashini ihuza itanura ryibikoresho byo gukora ibyuma, birasabwa kudakoresha gusa ingano yubushobozi bwitanura nkikimenyetso cyonyine cyo gupima niba ibikoresho yateye imbere, kandi ntugashishikarize ibice byose byigihugu gukomeza gukoresha "ingano imwe ihuye na bose" "Politiki nko kuva mu bito kugeza ku binini" bigabanya iterambere ry’inganda zikora "itanura rito".

"Proposal" ishyira imbere mu rwego rwo gushimangira ibintu byemeza ko uturere twose tugomba gushyiraho uburyo burambye bwo kuzamura iterambere ry’inganda z’ibyuma, guhanagura politiki ivangura rishingiye ku nganda z’ibyuma, no kubahiriza icyerekezo cyiza cy’iterambere ry’itanura ry’amashanyarazi. gukora ibyuma hamwe na A-urwego rwibidukikije no gukora neza. Imishinga yicyuma nicyuma ntabwo yashyizwe mubuyobozi bwumushinga "ibiri muremure numurwa mukuru". Muri iki gihe imiterere ya macro yinganda zicyuma nicyuma, ibigo bigomba gushyira imbere guharanira "kubaho" no kwirinda urwego rwo hejuru rwimyenda yibigo byazanywe nibikoresho bishya byo mu itanura ryamashanyarazi, bizaba ibyatsi byanyuma bisenya uruganda.

Icya gatatu, kwihutisha iterambere ryiterambere ryiza ryinganda zicyuma cyamashanyarazi. Hasabwe ko uruganda rukora ibyuma byo mu itanura ryamashanyarazi rugomba gushaka impinduka no kuzamura vuba bishoboka, kurangiza neza no guhindura imiterere yibicuruzwa, no gutanga ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro byongerewe agaciro mumahugurwa "asukuye". Gushiraho kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa, guha agaciro kumenyekanisha no gutumanaho hanze, kandi uharanire "ikirango cyiza". Hatitawe ku kubuzwa cyangwa kutabujijwe, ibikoresho by'itanura ry'amashanyarazi birashobora gukora ibyuma byubaka byujuje ubuziranenge bw'abakiriya. Niba "itanura rinini ry'amashanyarazi" ridashobora gukomeza kubona ibikoresho byiza kandi byiza bya ferrite nkibikoresho byuma cyangwa ibyuma byagabanijwe neza, noneho biragoye kubyara ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro. Uruganda rukora amashyanyarazi rukora ibyuma byubaka ibyuma byubaka nkibicuruzwa byabo nyamukuru bigomba gushaka kurangiza no kuvugurura vuba bishoboka binyuze mu guhuza umwuga no kubigura, ubufatanye bw’ububanyi n’amahanga, n'ibindi. ibihangange bito ", ba nyampinga umwe na ba nyampinga batagaragara, binyuze mu ngamba nyinshi nko kongera ishoramari R&D, gushimangira ubufatanye mu bya tekiniki cyangwa kugura ikoranabuhanga rikuze, bazamenya neza ihinduka ry’ibicuruzwa kandi baharanira" guhanga udushya ".


Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-11-2023