Ku ya 25 Kanama, amashami arindwi arimo Minisiteri y'Inganda n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru yashyize ahagaragara ku mugaragaro "Gahunda y'Umurimo yo Guteza Imbere Inganda z'Ibyuma n'Ibyuma mu buryo Buhamye" (izwi hano nka "Gahunda"), yongera gushimangira ko inganda z'ibyuma n'ibyuma ari inganda y'ibanze kandi y'inkingi y'ubukungu bw'igihugu kandi ni urwego rw'ingenzi rujyanye n'iterambere rihamye ry'inganda n'imikorere myiza y'ubukungu. Muri icyo gihe, "Gahunda" itanga ingamba 12 z'akazi, harimo gushyigikira no kuyobora iterambere ry'ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, byitwa "12 Ibyuma". (Kanda kugira ngo urebe ibisobanuro birambuye: Heavy! Ishami ryirindwi ryashyize ahagaragara "Gahunda y'Umurimo yo Guteza Imbere Gukomera kw'Inganda z'Ibyuma n'Ibyuma mu buryo Buhamye")
Kugeza ubu, umusaruro w'ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi ugera kuri 10% by'umusaruro w'icyuma gikozwe mu gihugu cyanjye. Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, hari ibigo birenga 250 bikora ibyuma bikozwe mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye, muri byo hafi 200 ni ibigo bikora ibyuma bikozwe mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi. Hamwe na "Gahunda yo Gushyira mu Bice by'Ingufu za Karuboni" byashyize imbere intego y'uko "mu 2025, igipimo cy'ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo buciriritse kizagera ku kigero kirenga 15%; mu 2030, igipimo cy'ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo buciriritse kizagera ku kigero kirenga 20%", intara, uturere turi munsi ya Guverinoma Nkuru) na zo zatanze igitekerezo cy'uko igipimo cy'ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo buciriritse kizagera kuri 5% kugeza kuri 20% mu nyandiko nka "Gahunda yo Gushyira mu Bice by'Ingufu za Karuboni", "Gahunda yo Gushyira mu Bice by'Ingufu za Karuboni", na "Gahunda y'Umurimo Irambuye yo Kubungabunga no Kugabanya Imyuka Ihumanya". Intego.
Igice cya kabiri cy’inganda z’icyuma n’icyuma zo mu gihugu cyanjye zikora "karubone ebyiri" kigomba kwishingikiriza ku iterambere rikomeye ry’inganda zikora ibyuma zikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo zigere ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa karubone nyuma y’izamuka rya karubone. Igice kinini cy’inganda zikora ibyuma zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi yose hamwe n’icyuma cyagabanutse gishingiye kuri hydrogen hamwe n’igice kinini cy’inganda zikora ibyuma zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha amashanyarazi, mu buryo bumwe, ni kimwe n’ikorwa rya "icyuma cy’icyatsi".
Muri Gicurasi uyu mwaka, Minisiteri y'Inganda n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho, Minisiteri y'Ibidukikije n'Ibidukikije na Guverinoma y'Intara ya Sichuan bafatanyije inama y'igihugu yo guteza imbere ikorwa ry'ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi mu Mujyi wa Luzhou, mu Ntara ya Sichuan, kugira ngo bakomeze kwibanda no gushyira mu bikorwa "Gahunda yo gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga w'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ibikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi". Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira no kuyobora iterambere ry'ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, "gahunda" nshya yashyizweho na za minisiteri zirindwi na komisiyo zirimo Minisiteri y'Inganda n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho ishimangira kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga w'iterambere ry'ibikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, kandi yongera gusobanura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ubushobozi butandukanye bwo gusimbuza imishinga yo gukora ibyuma bikozwe mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi, imicungire y'ibidukikije n'izindi politiki zo gushyiraho itsinda ry'inganda z'ibyuma bikozwe mu mashanyarazi ku isi.
Ishingwa n'iterambere ry'inganda zikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bigomba kwishingikiriza ku bigo bikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi byemeza inzira yo gukora ibikoresho byose bishongesha ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi. Niba igipimo cy'ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi gishobora kugera ku rugero ruteganyijwe, ibigo bikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bizagira uruhare runini. Ibigo bikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi bwo gushinga ibigo bikoresha amashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora imiterere myiza, kandi bigomba no gukora intego y'ingenzi y'amateka yo gushinga ikigo gikoresha amashanyarazi gikoresha ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi gishobora kwigana icyitegererezo cyo kwamamaza. Iterambere ry'ibigo bikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi naryo rizaba inyongera n'ingufu ku iterambere ry'inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi. Guteza imbere kunoza neza ubwiza n'ubwiyongere bukwiye bw'ingano y'ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi ntibitandukaniye n'ikigo gikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, kizagira uruhare runini mu gushyira mu bikorwa "amabwiriza 12 y'ibyuma", kandi kizaba kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryimbitse ry'uburyo "bubiri budahinduka".
Kureba aho ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi bigeze mu gihugu cyanjye uhereye ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo.
Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, ubushobozi bwo gukora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye ni toni miliyoni 200, ariko muri 2022 umusaruro w'ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi uri munsi ya toni miliyoni 100, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha ubushobozi ni hafi 50%. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, igipimo cy'imikorere y'ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa mu matanura y'amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye cyarenze 75%. %, igipimo cy'imikorere y'ubushobozi kiracyari hafi 50%, kandi ibigo bikora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu matanura y'amashanyarazi biri hagati y'inyungu nke n'igihombo. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibigo bikora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu matanura y'amashanyarazi ntibyahuye n'ibura ry'amashanyarazi rinini kandi rirambye ryatewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi muri iki gihe cy'impeshyi, kandi igipimo cy'imikorere y'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu matanura y'amashanyarazi cyagumye ku rwego rwo hejuru; ku rundi ruhande, igipimo cy'imikorere y'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu matanura y'amashanyarazi cyari ku rwego rwo hasi, ahanini bitewe n'ibyuma. Ibiciro biri hasi ku isoko ntabwo ari byiza, igiciro cy'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu matanura y'amashanyarazi kiri hejuru kandi nta giciro gihagije, kandi igiciro cy'ingufu kiri hejuru n'ibindi bintu byinshi. Ukurikije uko ibintu bigenda, biroroshye cyane gutangira kubaka ibikoresho byo gukora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo bigere ku "kirekire kugeza ku kigufi" binyuze mu gusimbuza ubushobozi, bivuze ko nta kibazo na gito gihari kugira ngo intego yo gukora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi igere kuri 15% bitarenze 2025. Ariko, ibi ntibivuze ko 15% by'umusaruro w'ibyuma biva mu gihugu cyanjye biva mu matanura y'amashanyarazi, kuko ibikoresho fatizo nk'itangwa n'igiciro cy'ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, ndetse n'izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ingufu nk'amashanyarazi byatumye ikiguzi cy'ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi kiba kinini kuruta icy'ibyuma bihindura amashanyarazi. Nta nyungu iri hafi mu kiguzi. Ibintu "bibangamira iterambere ry'ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi ntibishobora kunozwa neza, kandi biragoye kugira icyo bigeraho mu bijyanye n'uburyo ibintu bikoresha amashanyarazi bikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihe gito.
Kureba uko ibyuma by'amashanyarazi bihagaze mu gihugu cyanjye mu buryo bugaragara ku bikoresho
Ku ya 14 Nyakanga 2023, Komisiyo y'Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n'Ivugurura yasohoye itangazo rijyanye n'inama rusange ku "Katalogi Iyobora Ivugurura ry'Imiterere y'Inganda (Verisiyo ya 2023, Inyandiko y'Ibitekerezo)" (izwi hano nka "Katalogi"). "Katalogi" ivuga ko ibikoresho byo gukora ibyuma by'amashanyarazi bigengwa n'amategeko ari "itanura ry'amashanyarazi rifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 30 cyangwa zirenga na toni 100 (icyuma cy'ibyuma gitatse toni 50) cyangwa munsi yaryo". Iyi politiki yashyizwe mu bikorwa kuva mu 2011 kandi ntabwo yahinduwe.
Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, kuva hashyirwa mu bikorwa "Ingamba zo Gushyira mu Bikorwa Ingufu mu Nganda z'Ibyuma n'Ibyuma" ku ya 1 Kamena 2021, kugeza mu mpera za Nyakanga 2023, binyuze mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibikoresho byo gusimbuza ubushobozi, ibikoresho 66 byo gucura ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi byubatswe, byaba bishya cyangwa bigiye kubakwa. Ubushobozi bwose ni toni 6.430, kandi ubushobozi rusange bwa buri gikoresho ni toni 97.4, bumaze kugera kuri toni 100. Bigaragaza ko ibikoresho byo gucura ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye biri gutera imbere cyane mu nzira igana ku iterambere rinini, kandi byashyize mu bikorwa neza ibisabwa muri "Catalogue". Ariko, ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko atari ibikoresho byose bishya byubatswe bifite ubushobozi burenze toni 100, kandi bimwe mu bikoresho biracyakoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma bitewe n'imbogamizi nko gukora, bigabanya ubushobozi burenze toni 100.
Kuva mu 2017, hifashishijwe toni miliyoni 140 z'ibyuma byakuweho, igihugu cyanjye cyubatse ibikoresho byinshi byo gukora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, ariko ibikoresho byo mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi bifite toni 100 no hejuru yabyo byinjijwe mu mahanga cyane cyane. Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, byakusanyijwe Hari amatanura 51 y'amashanyarazi atumizwa mu mahanga afite ubushobozi bwo gukora kuri uru rwego yubatswe, arimo kubakwa cyangwa agiye kubakwa, harimo 23 yakozwe na Danieli, 14 yakozwe na Tenova, 12 yakozwe na Prime, 2 yakozwe na SMS, nibindi. Biragoye ko ibigo bihangana n'inganda z'abanyamahanga muri uru rwego rw'ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi. Ifuru y'amashanyarazi yo mu gihugu ya Changchun, Wuxi Dongxiong n'ibindi bigo bikoresha amashanyarazi byibanda cyane cyane ku matanura y'amashanyarazi atambitse munsi ya toni 100, cyane cyane toni 70-80 z'amatanura y'amashanyarazi atambitse. Aho iki gice cy'amatanura y'amashanyarazi giherereye ni hejuru ya 95%.
Binyuze mu iperereza, byagaragaye ko igihe cyo gushongesha toni 70-80 z'itanura ry'amashanyarazi ritambitse ritambitse rimara iminota 32, ingufu zikoreshwa mu gushongesha toni 335 kWh/toni, ingufu zikoreshwa mu gushongesha toni ni 0.75 kg/toni, kandi ibipimo bitandukanye bya tekiniki n'ubukungu bishobora kugera kuri 100. Kugeza hejuru y'urwego rw'itanura ry'amashanyarazi, imbaraga zituruka ku ibyuka bya karuboni ni toni 0.4 gusa/toni z'icyuma. Niba uru rwego rw'ibikoresho by'itanura ry'amashanyarazi rurangije impinduka zituruka ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere nk'uko bisabwa, rushobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa n'amahame agenga ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku rwego rw'igihugu. "Igitekerezo" giteganya kwihutisha guteza imbere kuvugurura ibikoresho bya tekiniki ku rwego rwo hejuru, amatanura y'amashanyarazi agezweho, imashini zidasanzwe zishongesha amashanyarazi, ibizamini byo mu rwego rwo hejuru n'ibindi bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, no gukomeza ubushakashatsi bw'ubufatanye mu "inganda-kaminuza-ubushakashatsi-ikoreshwa". Dukurikije amakuru yavuye mu bushakashatsi, bigaragara ko itanura ry'amashanyarazi ritambitse rimara toni 70-80 ryujuje ibisabwa na "itanura ry'amashanyarazi ritambitse". Ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya no guteza imbere ibigo by'ibyuma.
Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, hari amatanura y'amashanyarazi 418 mu gihugu cyanjye (harimo asanzwe, ayubatswe vuba n'agiye kubakwa), amatanura y'amashanyarazi 181 afite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni 50 cyangwa munsi yayo, n'amatanura y'amashanyarazi 116 afite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni 51 kugeza kuri toni 99 (toni 70 ~ Hari 87 kuri toni 99), kandi hari amatanura y'amashanyarazi 121 kuri toni 100 no hejuru. Dukurikije ibisabwa na "Catalogue", nubwo hari ibikoresho bishya bya toni 50-100 by'amatanura y'amashanyarazi mu izina ry'icyuma cya alloy byakurwaho, igipimo cy'ibikoresho bya tanuru by'amashanyarazi bigengwa mu gihugu cyanjye kiracyari hejuru cyane. Birakwiye gusuzuma no kuganira niba twakongera ubushobozi bw'amatanura y'amashanyarazi, "ingano imwe ikwiranye na byose" n'"inzuki nyinshi" kugira ngo "tuve ku ntoya tujye ku nini", cyangwa kugabanya ubushobozi bugengwa ku bikoresho byose bya icyuma gishongesha ibyuma mu buryo bugamije. Bisabwa guhindura imvugo iri muri "Catalogue" ivuga ku "itanura ry'amashanyarazi rifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 30 cyangwa zirenga na toni 100 (icyuma cy'amashanyarazi gifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 50) cyangwa munsi yaryo" ikajya kuri "itanura ry'amashanyarazi rifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 30 cyangwa zirenga na toni 100 (icyuma cy'amashanyarazi gifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 50, toni 70 ku byuma byose by'ibisigazwa)", kugira ngo hakoreshwe neza ibyiza by'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 70-99, kandi bigabanye "umugozi ukomeye" ku mitwe y'ibigo bifite ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi nk'ibyo.
Guhindura no kuvugurura ibigo by'ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi byo mu gihugu cyanjye uhereye ku miterere y'ibicuruzwa
Mu bicuruzwa by'icyuma bikorerwa n'ibigo bikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi byo mu gihugu cyanjye, umusaruro w'ibyuma bisanzwe bya karuboni urenga 80%, mu gihe ibyuma by'ubwubatsi birenga 60%. Kubera ko icyifuzo cy'ibyuma by'ubwubatsi nk'ibigega biramba, ibigo bikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bikora ibikoresho binini kandi byagutse bigomba kwihutira guhindura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byabyo no kurangiza impinduka no kuvugurura.
Uko iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu cyanjye rikomeza kwiyongera, ni ko icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa by’icyuma kigenda kirushaho kwiyongera, kandi umusaruro "ushingiye ku itegeko" urimo kwiyongera. Muri rusange, ku bigo bikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni 100 no hejuru, ibipimo by’ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukora ni byinshi, kandi kubaka imiyoboro y’ibyuma bisaba ishoramari rinini, rigaterwa n’ibintu nk’ubuso bw’aho biherereye n’ishoramari rinini ry’umutungo mushya uhoraho. Biragoye kurangiza neza imiterere y’ibicuruzwa.
Ku byuma bikozwe mu cyuma cya aluminiyumu n'icyuma cyihariye gifite amashami menshi y'umusaruro, amashami mato n'agaciro kongerewe, ni ngombwa gukoresha "itanura rito ry'amashanyarazi" mbere na mbere mu gukora, ibyo bikaba bitagabanya gusa ikiguzi cy'umusaruro, ahubwo binagabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho. Ibi kandi bihuye n'ingamba zatanzwe muri "Gahunda" yo gushyiraho amatsinda y'inganda zikora ibyuma bigezweho. Ibigo bikora ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi bigomba gushyira imbere iterambere mu cyerekezo cy'ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bishya, ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse byihariye, ibigo byihariye, byihariye n'ibishya "binini", hamwe n'ibigo byihariye mu nganda. Urugero, ikigo gishya cyihariye cy'igihugu "binini" muri Anhui gikoresha itanura rikoresha amashanyarazi rya toni 35 kugira ngo rishyigikire amatanura menshi yo gutunganya, amatanura akoreshwa mu nganda n'amatanura yikoresha, nibindi, kandi gifite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni 150.000 z'ibikoresho byihariye bya aluminiyumu ku mwaka. , ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane mu ndege, mu kirere, mu bwubatsi bw'amato, mu bucuruzi bwa peteroli, ingufu za kirimbuzi n'ibindi, kandi gishobora gutegura ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere no gukora ibikoresho bishya hakurikijwe ibyo abakiriya bakeneye ku bikoresho bishya; Isosiyete iri ku rutonde rw’ibigo i Jiangsu ikoresha itanura ry’amashanyarazi rya toni 60 kugira ngo ishyigikire amatanura menshi, amatanura akoreshwa mu gukurura n’amatanura yikoresha ubwayo, nibindi, ikora ibikoresho bya alloy n’ibikomoka kuri alloy. Ibi bicuruzwa bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nko gukoresha ingufu nshya z’umuyaga, gutwara gari ya moshi, indege, ibikoresho bya gisirikare, ingufu za kirimbuzi, n’ibikoresho bya chip bya semiconductor.
Itanura ry'amashanyarazi rikozwe mu buryo bwa "bill-off" rifite toni 70 rishobora kuzuza neza imiterere ya "bill-offs nyinshi, ubwoko bwinshi, n'ingano ntoya y'amasezerano". Gabanya ibisigaye bidafite aho bihuriye n'umusaruro w'ibigo by'ibyuma n'ibyuma. Ingano y'ibikoresho fatizo n'iby'inyongera hamwe n'ibicuruzwa bigera kuri toni 70 by'ibikoresho fatizo by'amashanyarazi bikozwe mu buryo bwa "bill-off" ni munsi y'ibya toni 100 z'ibikoresho fatizo by'amashanyarazi no hejuru yabyo, kandi urwego rw'imyanda n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu karere ni ruke.
Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo itanura rimwe ry'amashanyarazi ringana na toni 70 rihuzwe n'umuyoboro w'imashini zizunguruka wa toni 600.000, ni uburyo bwiza, buhendutse kandi bunoze bwo guhuza imashini zizunguruka n'izikora ibyuma byo mu mujyi bifite uburebure bwa kilometero 200 mu gutanga ibyuma bishaje no kugurisha ibicuruzwa. Ku bijyanye n'icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ibikoresho bizunguruka by'amashanyarazi bifite ubushobozi butandukanye, ni byiza gukurikiza uburyo butatu bukurikira: ubwa mbere, ubushobozi bw'itanura ry'amashanyarazi ni toni 30 kugeza kuri toni 50, bukwiriye gukorwamo ibyuma byihariye n'ibyuma bya alloy mu byiciro bito; ubwa kabiri, ubushobozi bw'itanura ry'amashanyarazi ni toni 150 kuzamura, bukwiriye gukorwamo amasahani n'imirongo, ibyuma by'imodoka bifite agaciro kanini n'ibyuma bitanduye, nibindi; icya gatatu, ubushobozi bw'itanura ry'amashanyarazi buri hagati ya toni 50 na toni 150, kandi ahanini toni 70 kugeza kuri toni 100, bukwiriye inganda nto z'ibyuma hirya no hino mu mujyi mu gukora Ibyuma byo kubaka no guta imyanda yo mu ngo.
Inama zimwe na zimwe ku iterambere ry'Ubukorikori bw'Icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihe gito mu gihugu cyanjye
Ubwa mbere, gushishikariza ingamba zo kugenzura imiterere y’aho hantu, guteza imbere cyane kandi buhoro buhoro ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi. Ntibikwiye kongera vuba umubare w’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi n’umubare w’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi, kandi ntibishishikarizwa kongera umubare w’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi n’umusaruro utangwa mu buryo bwihuse mu turere twose tw’igihugu. Ugereranyije n’ibipimo by’imibare byihariye. Ikintu cya mbere gisabwa mu iterambere ry’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi ni uko aho ikigo giherereye hafite umutungo uhagije wa ferrite nk’ibyuma bisigaye, hagakurikiraho amazi n’amashanyarazi bihendutse nk’inkunga, naho icya gatatu ni uko kurengera ibidukikije, ingufu n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu gihe kizaza biba bike kandi bike. Niba agace runaka kadafite inyungu z’umutungo n’ingufu, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibidukikije n’ubushobozi bwo gusukura bikaba bikomeye, ariko "itsinda" rigashyiraho ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi, umusaruro wa nyuma ushobora kuba ari uko hari "ibikoresho bihindura amashanyarazi" mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Bimwe mu bigo bikora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bikoreshwa mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi bidashobora guhangana n’ibigo bikora mu gihe kirekire byahatiwe guhagarika umusaruro igihe kirekire kubera kutagira ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko.
Icya kabiri, gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ukurikije ibyiciro kandi ukore akazi keza mu gukora no gucunga amatanura y'amashanyarazi asanzwe ari mu bubiko. Ntukagire umururumba ku bihugu by'amahanga ku bikoresho byo gukora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, teganya uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, ni byiza kudakoresha gusa ingano y'ubushobozi bw'itanura nk'ikimenyetso cyonyine cyo gupima niba ibikoresho bigezweho, kandi ntugashishikarize ibice byose by'igihugu gukomeza gukoresha "ingano imwe ikwiranye na byose". Politiki nko kuva ku nto kugeza ku nini" ibangamira iterambere ry'ibigo bihanganye "bikoresha amashanyarazi bito".
"Igitekerezo" gitanga icyizere mu bijyanye no gushimangira ibintu bishimangira ko uturere twose tugomba gushyiraho uburyo bw'igihe kirekire bwo gukura mu nganda z'ibyuma, gusukura politiki y'ivangura ku nganda z'ibyuma, no kubahiriza icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ubukorikori bw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi hamwe n'imikorere myiza mu bidukikije hamwe n'ingufu zigezweho. Imishinga y'ibyuma n'ibyuma ntabwo iri mu micungire y'imishinga "ifite imari shingiro ebyiri n'imwe". Muri iki gihe, inganda z'ibyuma n'ibyuma zigomba gushyira imbere "kurokoka" no kwirinda umwenda munini w'ibigo byatewe n'ibikoresho bishya by'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, bizaba nk'ikintu cya nyuma gihungabanya ikigo.
Icya gatatu, kwihutisha iterambere ry’inganda zikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi. Bisabwa ko ibigo bikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bigomba gushaka impinduka no kuvugurura vuba bishoboka, kurangiza kunoza no guhindura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa, no gukora ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye mu mahugurwa "asukuye". Shyiraho ubumenyi ku kirango, gushyira agaciro ku kwamamaza no gutumanaho hanze, kandi uharanire "ubwiza bw'ikirango". Nubwo byaba bibujijwe cyangwa bitaragabanijwe, ibikoresho by’umuriro bikoresha amashanyarazi bishobora gukora ibyuma by’ubwubatsi byujuje ibisabwa n’umukiriya. Niba "itanura rinini rikoresha amashanyarazi" ridashobora kubona umutungo mwiza kandi wuzuye wa ferrite nk'ibisigazwa by'icyuma cyangwa icyuma cyagabanijwe mu buryo butaziguye, biragoye gukora ibikoresho by’icyuma bifite agaciro gakomeye. Ibigo bikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bikoresha ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bikoresha ibyuma by’ubwubatsi nk'umusaruro wabyo w’ingenzi bigomba gushaka kurangiza impinduka no kuvugurura vuba bishoboka binyuze mu guhuza no kugura ibikoresho by’umwuga, ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu bushobozi bwo gukora, nibindi. Icyitegererezo cy’iterambere n’ubwoko bw’ibicuruzwa by’ibigo bikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi ari "ibihangange bito", ibihangange byihariye n’ibitagaragara, binyuze mu ngamba nyinshi nko kongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, gushimangira ubufatanye mu bya tekiniki cyangwa kugura ikoranabuhanga rikuze, bizahindura imiterere y’ibicuruzwa kandi biharanire "ubwiza bw’udushya".
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 11 Nzeri 2023